The following lists palliative care research primarily conducted by Australian research groups. The list is based on application of the CareSearch search filter for palliative care to identify articles held within the PubMed database and corresponding to the strongest evidence. Articles have been selected based on relevance and new articles are added on a weekly basis.
Whilst not an exhaustive list, the aim is to keep the community informed by providing a snapshot of recent research findings and planned studies in the Australian setting.
Ayalew A. A, Poudel A, Johnson K, Thepsourinthone J, Heer S, Redwood L, Mullan J, Bonney A, Morgan D, Yates P, Clark, K Auret K, Clapham S.
Objectives: To assess palliative care utilization, estimate duration of care, and identify predictors of care duration among general practitioner (GP)-referred patients following commencement of specialist palliative care.
Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Setting and Participants: This study included patients with life-limiting illnesses referred by GPs between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2024, and who received care from services registered with the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration.
Methods: Two outcomes were assessed: (1) palliative care utilization (inpatient vs community) and (2) duration of palliative care, measured in days. Binary logistic regression identified factors associated with inpatient vs community palliative care utilization, and quantile regression identified predictors of palliative care duration from first admission to death.
Results: Of 25,124 GP-referred patients, 92.2% were admitted to community palliative care and 44.4% died during the study period. Most deaths (81.3%) occurred within 3 months of commencing specialist palliative care. Admission to inpatient care was more likely among patients with cancer and those experiencing distress from breathlessness, nausea, or psychological/spiritual problems, and less likely among those with higher functional status, older age, distress from appetite or fatigue, and family/carer problems. Among decedents, shorter duration of palliative care was associated with inpatient care, functional decline, distress from pain, breathlessness, and family/carer problems.
Conclusions and Implications: GP-referred patients were predominantly admitted to community-based palliative care, and most of them received specialist palliative care for a shorter duration than recommended. Future research in primary care, exploring needs-based referral models and referral acceptance, may support timely access and comprehensive care.
Cheung S. C, Lovell M. R, Hilmer S. N.
Objectives: Polypharmacy can increase symptom burden and reduce quality of life in palliative care patients. The Drug Burden Index (DBI) measures patients' exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications, but has not previously been validated in the palliative care population. This study aimed to quantify the DBI in an older palliative care inpatient population, and examine its associated functional, symptom and delirium outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients aged 65 years and older admitted to a specialist palliative care unit in Sydney, Australia, over a 3-month period. Demographic data, admission characteristics, medication exposure and clinical scores were collected via medical record review. Patients' DBI on admission and at 24 hours post-admission were calculated based on regular and pro re nata (PRN) medications.
Results: 79 patients were enrolled, who used a mean of 6.3 (SD 4.4) regular medications on admission, with a corresponding mean DBI of 0.69 (SD 0.55). At 24 hours post-admission, the DBI increased in 37% of patients and the resultant mean DBI was 0.82 (SD 0.58), which increased to 1.01 (SD 0.64) when administered PRN medications were included. There was no significant correlation on univariate analysis between patients' DBI on admission and their functional, symptom or delirium scores or length of hospital stay.
Conclusions: Older palliative care patients are frequently exposed to anticholinergic and sedative medications. The DBI is a practical tool which can prompt medication review and inform safe, individualised prescribing in the palliative care setting in line with patients' goals of care.
Smith T. A, Roberts M. M, Luckett T, Cho J. G, Klimkeit E, Stephenson H, McCaffrey N, Kirby A, Wheatley J. R.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an often-progressive respiratory disease associated with disabling breathlessness. Breathlessness intervention services (BIS), which coach patients to self-manage breathlessness using non-pharmacological strategies, are effective in a variety of populations, including those with cancer and serious respiratory disease. This study aimed to compare the impact of the Westmead Breathlessness Service in people with moderate to severe COPD.
Methods: We analysed 113 participants randomised (1:1) with moderate/severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity <0.70 and FEV1 ≤60% predicted) and disabling breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Breathlessness Score ≥2) to either an 8-week intervention involving breathing techniques, handheld fan use, exercise, energy conservation, dietetic advice (n=54) or 8-week wait-list control group (n=59). The primary outcome was change in Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) Mastery of breathlessness subscale. Secondary outcomes included change in other CRQ subscales (Fatigue, Emotion and Dyspnoea), exertional breathlessness intensity/unpleasantness (0-10 Numerical Rating Scale Score), anxiety and depression. Difference in change over 8 weeks between groups was compared using ANCOVA; p<0.05 statistically significant.
Findings: Participants were aged 70.9 (±8.5) years, 50% female, mean FEV1 =0.8 L (±0.3 L; 34% predicted), mMRC Breathlessness Score 3 (IQR 3-4). CRQ-Mastery improved following intervention compared with control (between-group difference 0.5 units; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8; p=0.0262) using modified intention-to-treat analysis. Better CRQ-Dyspnoea and CRQ-Fatigue were seen in the intervention group (between-group difference-CRQ-Dyspnoea 0.4 units; CI 0.1 to 0.7; p=0.005, and CRQ-Fatigue 0.4 units; CI 0.1 to 0.7; p=0.014). Exertional breathlessness intensity (difference -0.8 units; CI -1.4 to -0.2; p=0.013) and breathlessness unpleasantness (difference -1.2 units; CI -1.7 to -0.6; p=0.001) also improved.
Interpretation: An 8-week BIS improved CRQ-Mastery, Dyspnoea and Fatigue, exertional breathlessness intensity and unpleasantness in people with severe COPD.
Brown LJ, Meredith G, Gao B, Ding P, Gee H, da Silva IP, et al.
Abstract: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Australia, with diagnoses projected to rise further following the introduction of the National Lung Cancer Screening Program in July 2025. Comprehensive molecular profiling has become central to the management of non-small cell lung cancer, enabling tailored therapies such as chemoimmunotherapy, immunotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in perioperative, adjuvant, and palliative settings. With the emergence of perioperative systemic therapies and novel agents for the management of metastatic disease, there is a need to ensure that equitable care is delivered across Australia. Further investment in oncology workforce expansion and planning is critical to meet growing demands. In this narrative review, we explore the rapidly evolving landscape of available therapeutics for managing patients with early and advanced NSCLC in the Australian context, highlight the emerging treatment options being investigated in ongoing clinical trials, and discuss future considerations for clinical practice.
Dutton AE, Whiteman IT, Jones MM, Geering KE, Afshar S, Johnson AM, et al.
Abstract: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 3 (CLN3) disease is a rare, life-limiting pediatric neurodegenerative disorder with no approved disease-modifying therapy. We conducted a prospective case report from October 2023 to April 2025 involving two female siblings with genetically confirmed CLN3 disease (homozygous for the common 1 kb deletion). Both patients were treated with oral, weight-based miglustat for 18 months. Miglustat was supplied as off-label use in the absence of a therapeutic alternative for this severe neurodegenerative disorder. Clinical outcomes were assessed using comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (Vineland-3). At the time of report, patients were aged 13 and 10 years. Both had been diagnosed at age 7 years and commenced miglustat at ages 11 and 9 years, respectively. Over the treatment period, both patients demonstrated improvement in visual acuity and clinical stabilization on the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale. One patient showed measurable improvement in adaptive functioning as assessed by Vineland-3. No significant adverse effects were reported. These preliminary findings suggest potential short-term clinical benefit of miglustat in pediatric patients with CLN3 disease, particularly when initiated early in the disease course. Further studies involving larger cohorts and longer follow-up are warranted to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of miglustat in this population.
Last updated 30 April 2024