Attitudes to cancer and information preferences of Greek Australians: A qualitative study

Full disclosure of information regarding prognosis is the prevailing approach to cancer patients at present. However such a view appears contrary to the preferences of many ethnic groups in Australia. This study sought to examine the range of attitudes to cancer, its treatment and disclosure of information amongst unaffected Greek adults. A qualitative data collection strategy was selected to elicit the broadest range of views, as there are few published studies of Greek Australians. Respondents were recruited from first generation Australian residents using strata sampling to establish a spread of ages and gender. Sampling was discontinued when informational redundancy was achieved.

A total of 58 men and women, half over and half under the age of 60 were sampled. The majority spoke Greek as their first or only language and had lived in Australia for more than 20 years. Eight focus groups were conducted by a bilingual facilitator, supplemented with 8 individual face-to-face interviews to increase the age and sex range. A number of consistent themes emerged. Cancer in most cases equated to certain death. Cancers were felt to be either male, external and possibly curable or female, internal and terminal. Cancers were described as having roots and multiplying. Having a cancer was regarded as a stigma and source of shame.

There was a significant level of interest in herbal medicines and a concern that doctors be supportive of that. Disclosure of diagnosis but not poor prognosis was favoured and only immediate family members should be given complete information. Most participants saw the family as the principal providers of translation and explanation, and the source of decision making regarding treatment. The Greek community is a long-established migrant community but many of the attitudes to cancer and information preferences are at variance with what is considered good practice by clinicians. An increased awareness of cultural differences is needed to achieve optimal health outcomes in the diverse communities that make up the modern Australia.

Associated Publication(s):
Goldstein D, Thewes B, Butow P. Communicating in a multicultural society. II: Greek community attitudes towards cancer in Australia. Intern Med J 2002 Jul; 32(7):289-96